MEANING OF GUIDANCE
The meaning of Guidance as all of us know is help or assistance. It will be more clear to all of you, if we discuss how different scholars have defined in varied ways. “Guidance seeks to help each individual become familiar with a wide range of information about himself, his abilities, this pervious development in the various areas of living and his plans or ambitions for the future.” Chisholm “Guidance is an assistance given to the individual in making intelligence choices & adjustments.” A. J. Jones ‘Guidance is a means of helping individuals to understand and use wisely the educational. Vocational and personal opportunities they have or can develop and as a form of systematic assistance whereby students are aided in achieving satisfactory adjustment to school & to life.” Dunsmoor & Miller If we will analyzer the above definitions we observe the following characteristics of guidance. These are:- • Guidance is a process • Guidance is a continuous process • It is concerned with problem & choice. • It is an assistance to the individuals in the process of development. • It is both a generalised & specialized service • It is a service meant for all. 3 The meaning of guidance will be more clear to you, if we analyze about what guidance is not. ™ Guidance is not compulsion ™ It is not making decision for others ™ It is not advice ™ It is not pampering the student ™ It is not direction ™ It is not adjustment ™ It is not problem solving So from the discussion, we can say that guidance is a help of an individual to make his own selection & solution out of varied type of opportunities & problems. It helps one to adjust with different environments according to his own abilities & capacities.
NATURE OF GUIDANCE
Guidance covers the whole process of education which starts from the birth of the child. As the individual need help thought their lives, it is not wrong to say that guidance is needs from cradle to grave. It we consider the literal meaning, to guide means to indicate, to penitent, to show the way. It means more than so assist. If an individual slips on the road, we assist him/her to get up but the do not guide him unless we help to go in a certain direction. The term guidance is related to an types of education – formal, non-formal, vocational etc. The aim is to help the individual to adjust to the environment. In the light of the deification discussed, it may be pointed out that by it self guidance has no position. It is a process or service disagreed to help the individual to attain his full maturity and be of service to society. Guidance is also regarded as an instrument which helps in the realisation of general ?????? of education. the nature of guidance is more clearly understand with reference to consulting.
FUNCTIONS OF GUIDANCE
The meaning of guidance make it easy to know it’s functions. For example the term “teacher” means who teaches, so the function of teacher is to teach. Similarly, from the different meaning of the term guidance we can know the functions of guidance. 4 Some of the important functions of guidance are: ™ Adjustive function ™ Oriental function ™ Developmental function Adjective functions:- The adjective function of guidance means if helps the students in making appropriate adjustment to the current situation, may be in the educational institution, occupational world, in the home or the community. Oriental functions:- In order to adjust in different situation either by selecting his choices or solving his problems. One must have details information about the same. This is possible by proper guidance. Guidance orients one about the problem of career planning, educational programming and direction towards long-term personal aims and values. Development functions:- The oriental function of guidance not only helps one to get rid of problems but helps to check it. It contributes to the self development and self-realization. It is also an instrument of social and national development.
NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF GUIDANCE
Guidance is needed wherever there are problems. The need and importance of guidance are as follows. Self understanding and self direction: Guidance helps in understanding one‘s strength, limitations and other resources. Guidance helps individual to develop ability to solve problems and take decisions. Optimum development of individual Solving different problem of the individual Academic growth and development Vocational maturity, vocational choices and vocational adjustments Social personal adjustment 4 Better family life Good citizenship For conservation and proper utilization of human resources For national development Guidance is helpful not only for student and teacher in an educational institution but also to the parents ,administrators, planners and community members
DIFFERENT SCHOOL GUIDANCE SERVICES
The school is expected to provide more than just teaching and instruction. A school guidance programme includes all those activities other than instructional which are carried out to render assistance to pupils in their educational, vocational, personal development and adjustment. The fundamental aim of guidance programme being the maximum development of the child, all guidance programme must be geared toward attainment of the goal. Guidance services can assist the pupils in knowing themselves-their potentialities and limitations, making appropriate choices in educational, vocational and other fields. Some of the important guidance services are; The orientation services Student inventory services 5 Career Information services Counseling services Group guidance services Placement services Research and evaluation services
IMPLICATIONS OF AREAS OF GUIDANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT
The students life is getting complex day by day. Students in the twenty-first century have facing many perplex and difficult situations i.e. to make wise curricular and other curricular choices, to acquire basic study skills for optimum achievement, adjustment with peers etc. In its beginning guidance was concentrated on problems relating to vocations. It was largely concerned with getting jobs for young people. Now guidance has gone for beyond this. It is now concerned with the entire individual in all aspects. The areas of guidance are very vast. The following are some of the important areas of guidance.
Personal: Students face many personal problems related to themselves, their parents and family, friends and teachers, etc. They often have memories related to home or family which creates feeling of disappointment in them. If their parents are expecting too much of them it leaves them with a feeling of incompetence and insecurity leading poor self-concept and self esteem. The objectives of personal guidance are to help the individual in his/her physical, emotional, social, rural and spiritual development. The aims and objectives of personal guidance are : To assist the individual in understanding himself/herself. To assist the individual involving the personal problems. To assist the individual in taking independent decisions and judgement. To assist the individual to view the world and the social environment in right perspective. To assist the individual in making sound adjustments to different problems confronted in life. Personal guidance is necessary at all stages of life. At the elementary school stage opportunities should be given to students 6 for their self expression. Personal guidance at this stage deals with the problems related to feeling of insecurity, social acceptance, discipline etc. At the secondary stage, the students have more intricate personal problems. During the secondary stage adolescent students due to peculiar physical, emotional and social developments undergo noticeable changes in their attitude and behaviour. Personal guidance at this stage should therefore focus on personal and social adjustment. Personal guidance at the tertiary stage aims at helping them view life in relation to reality. The scope of personal guidance at this stage is very wider. Educational Guidance: If one closely examines the problems of young pupils in schools and colleges, one would exactly realize the need of educational guidance. Educational problems head the needs of students‘ problems. So education is an important guidance area. Educational guidance is related to every aspect of education school / colleges, the curriculum, the methods of instruction, other curricular activities, disciplines etc. Educational guidance is the assistance given to the individual (i) to understand his/her potentialities (ii) have a clear cut idea of the different educational opportunities and their requirements (iii) to make wise choices as regards to school, colleges, the course : curricular and extra curricular. Some of the aims and objectives of educational guidance are: To assist the pupil to understand him/herself i.e. to understand his/her potentialities, strength and limitations. To help the child make educational plans consist with his/her abilities, interests and goals. To enable the student to know detail about the subject and courses offered. To assist the student in making satisfactory progress in various school/ college subjects. To help the child to adjust with the schools, its rules, regulations, social life connected with it. To help the child in developing good study habits. To help the child to participate in out of class educational activities in which he can develop leadership and other social qualities. 7 At the elementary stage guidance programme must help the children to make good beginning, to plan intelligently, to get the best out of their education and prepare them for secondary schools. Educational guidance needs to be used in diagnosing difficulties, in identifying the special needs of children. At the secondary stage educational guidance should help the pupils to understand themselves better, to understand different aspects of the school, to select appropriate courses to get information about different educational opportunities, to develop good study habits. The students should be helped to be acquainted with the vocational implications of various school subjects. Educational guidance at the tertiary stages must oriented students about purpose and scope of higher studies and helps them to stimulate their studies. Each college/ university must have a guidance unit with due provision of guidance services. Vocational Guidance: You know that ‗bread and butter aims‖ is one of the main aims of education. Due to advancement in science and technology and consequent charges in industry and occupations have been emerged. There are thousands of specialized jobs/ occupations. In this context, there is a great need for vocational guidance. Vocational guidance is a process of assisting the individual to choose an occupation, prepare for it, enter upon it and progress in it. It is concerned primarily with helping individuals make decisions and choices involved in planning a future and building a career. The purpose behind assisting the youth to choose, prepare, enter and progress in a vocation is the optimum growth of the individual. Some of the aims and objectives of vocational guidance are: Assisting pupil to discover his/her own abilities and skills to feet them into general requirements of the occupation under consideration. Helping the individual to develop an attitude towards work that will dignify whatever type of occupation s/he may wish to enter. Assisting the individual to think critically about various types of occupations and to learn a technique for analyzing information about vocations. Assisting pupils to secure relevant information about the facilities offered by various educational institutions engaging in vocational training. 8 At the elementary stage, although no formal guidance programmes are needed, the orientation to vocation can be initiated at this stage. At this stage some qualities and skills which have grater vocational significance viz. love and respect for manual work (ii) training in use of hands (iii) spirit of cooperative work (iii) sharing (vi) appreciation for all works (vii) good interpersonal relationship are to be developed. At the secondary stage vocational guidance should help the students to know themselves, to know the world of work, to develop employment readiness to develop decision making rules. At the higher education stages it should be more formal one. The objectives of guidance at this stage are to help the students to get information about different career, training facilities,
The meaning of Guidance as all of us know is help or assistance. It will be more clear to all of you, if we discuss how different scholars have defined in varied ways. “Guidance seeks to help each individual become familiar with a wide range of information about himself, his abilities, this pervious development in the various areas of living and his plans or ambitions for the future.” Chisholm “Guidance is an assistance given to the individual in making intelligence choices & adjustments.” A. J. Jones ‘Guidance is a means of helping individuals to understand and use wisely the educational. Vocational and personal opportunities they have or can develop and as a form of systematic assistance whereby students are aided in achieving satisfactory adjustment to school & to life.” Dunsmoor & Miller If we will analyzer the above definitions we observe the following characteristics of guidance. These are:- • Guidance is a process • Guidance is a continuous process • It is concerned with problem & choice. • It is an assistance to the individuals in the process of development. • It is both a generalised & specialized service • It is a service meant for all. 3 The meaning of guidance will be more clear to you, if we analyze about what guidance is not. ™ Guidance is not compulsion ™ It is not making decision for others ™ It is not advice ™ It is not pampering the student ™ It is not direction ™ It is not adjustment ™ It is not problem solving So from the discussion, we can say that guidance is a help of an individual to make his own selection & solution out of varied type of opportunities & problems. It helps one to adjust with different environments according to his own abilities & capacities.
NATURE OF GUIDANCE
Guidance covers the whole process of education which starts from the birth of the child. As the individual need help thought their lives, it is not wrong to say that guidance is needs from cradle to grave. It we consider the literal meaning, to guide means to indicate, to penitent, to show the way. It means more than so assist. If an individual slips on the road, we assist him/her to get up but the do not guide him unless we help to go in a certain direction. The term guidance is related to an types of education – formal, non-formal, vocational etc. The aim is to help the individual to adjust to the environment. In the light of the deification discussed, it may be pointed out that by it self guidance has no position. It is a process or service disagreed to help the individual to attain his full maturity and be of service to society. Guidance is also regarded as an instrument which helps in the realisation of general ?????? of education. the nature of guidance is more clearly understand with reference to consulting.
FUNCTIONS OF GUIDANCE
The meaning of guidance make it easy to know it’s functions. For example the term “teacher” means who teaches, so the function of teacher is to teach. Similarly, from the different meaning of the term guidance we can know the functions of guidance. 4 Some of the important functions of guidance are: ™ Adjustive function ™ Oriental function ™ Developmental function Adjective functions:- The adjective function of guidance means if helps the students in making appropriate adjustment to the current situation, may be in the educational institution, occupational world, in the home or the community. Oriental functions:- In order to adjust in different situation either by selecting his choices or solving his problems. One must have details information about the same. This is possible by proper guidance. Guidance orients one about the problem of career planning, educational programming and direction towards long-term personal aims and values. Development functions:- The oriental function of guidance not only helps one to get rid of problems but helps to check it. It contributes to the self development and self-realization. It is also an instrument of social and national development.
NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF GUIDANCE
Guidance is needed wherever there are problems. The need and importance of guidance are as follows. Self understanding and self direction: Guidance helps in understanding one‘s strength, limitations and other resources. Guidance helps individual to develop ability to solve problems and take decisions. Optimum development of individual Solving different problem of the individual Academic growth and development Vocational maturity, vocational choices and vocational adjustments Social personal adjustment 4 Better family life Good citizenship For conservation and proper utilization of human resources For national development Guidance is helpful not only for student and teacher in an educational institution but also to the parents ,administrators, planners and community members
DIFFERENT SCHOOL GUIDANCE SERVICES
The school is expected to provide more than just teaching and instruction. A school guidance programme includes all those activities other than instructional which are carried out to render assistance to pupils in their educational, vocational, personal development and adjustment. The fundamental aim of guidance programme being the maximum development of the child, all guidance programme must be geared toward attainment of the goal. Guidance services can assist the pupils in knowing themselves-their potentialities and limitations, making appropriate choices in educational, vocational and other fields. Some of the important guidance services are; The orientation services Student inventory services 5 Career Information services Counseling services Group guidance services Placement services Research and evaluation services
IMPLICATIONS OF AREAS OF GUIDANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT
The students life is getting complex day by day. Students in the twenty-first century have facing many perplex and difficult situations i.e. to make wise curricular and other curricular choices, to acquire basic study skills for optimum achievement, adjustment with peers etc. In its beginning guidance was concentrated on problems relating to vocations. It was largely concerned with getting jobs for young people. Now guidance has gone for beyond this. It is now concerned with the entire individual in all aspects. The areas of guidance are very vast. The following are some of the important areas of guidance.
Personal: Students face many personal problems related to themselves, their parents and family, friends and teachers, etc. They often have memories related to home or family which creates feeling of disappointment in them. If their parents are expecting too much of them it leaves them with a feeling of incompetence and insecurity leading poor self-concept and self esteem. The objectives of personal guidance are to help the individual in his/her physical, emotional, social, rural and spiritual development. The aims and objectives of personal guidance are : To assist the individual in understanding himself/herself. To assist the individual involving the personal problems. To assist the individual in taking independent decisions and judgement. To assist the individual to view the world and the social environment in right perspective. To assist the individual in making sound adjustments to different problems confronted in life. Personal guidance is necessary at all stages of life. At the elementary school stage opportunities should be given to students 6 for their self expression. Personal guidance at this stage deals with the problems related to feeling of insecurity, social acceptance, discipline etc. At the secondary stage, the students have more intricate personal problems. During the secondary stage adolescent students due to peculiar physical, emotional and social developments undergo noticeable changes in their attitude and behaviour. Personal guidance at this stage should therefore focus on personal and social adjustment. Personal guidance at the tertiary stage aims at helping them view life in relation to reality. The scope of personal guidance at this stage is very wider. Educational Guidance: If one closely examines the problems of young pupils in schools and colleges, one would exactly realize the need of educational guidance. Educational problems head the needs of students‘ problems. So education is an important guidance area. Educational guidance is related to every aspect of education school / colleges, the curriculum, the methods of instruction, other curricular activities, disciplines etc. Educational guidance is the assistance given to the individual (i) to understand his/her potentialities (ii) have a clear cut idea of the different educational opportunities and their requirements (iii) to make wise choices as regards to school, colleges, the course : curricular and extra curricular. Some of the aims and objectives of educational guidance are: To assist the pupil to understand him/herself i.e. to understand his/her potentialities, strength and limitations. To help the child make educational plans consist with his/her abilities, interests and goals. To enable the student to know detail about the subject and courses offered. To assist the student in making satisfactory progress in various school/ college subjects. To help the child to adjust with the schools, its rules, regulations, social life connected with it. To help the child in developing good study habits. To help the child to participate in out of class educational activities in which he can develop leadership and other social qualities. 7 At the elementary stage guidance programme must help the children to make good beginning, to plan intelligently, to get the best out of their education and prepare them for secondary schools. Educational guidance needs to be used in diagnosing difficulties, in identifying the special needs of children. At the secondary stage educational guidance should help the pupils to understand themselves better, to understand different aspects of the school, to select appropriate courses to get information about different educational opportunities, to develop good study habits. The students should be helped to be acquainted with the vocational implications of various school subjects. Educational guidance at the tertiary stages must oriented students about purpose and scope of higher studies and helps them to stimulate their studies. Each college/ university must have a guidance unit with due provision of guidance services. Vocational Guidance: You know that ‗bread and butter aims‖ is one of the main aims of education. Due to advancement in science and technology and consequent charges in industry and occupations have been emerged. There are thousands of specialized jobs/ occupations. In this context, there is a great need for vocational guidance. Vocational guidance is a process of assisting the individual to choose an occupation, prepare for it, enter upon it and progress in it. It is concerned primarily with helping individuals make decisions and choices involved in planning a future and building a career. The purpose behind assisting the youth to choose, prepare, enter and progress in a vocation is the optimum growth of the individual. Some of the aims and objectives of vocational guidance are: Assisting pupil to discover his/her own abilities and skills to feet them into general requirements of the occupation under consideration. Helping the individual to develop an attitude towards work that will dignify whatever type of occupation s/he may wish to enter. Assisting the individual to think critically about various types of occupations and to learn a technique for analyzing information about vocations. Assisting pupils to secure relevant information about the facilities offered by various educational institutions engaging in vocational training. 8 At the elementary stage, although no formal guidance programmes are needed, the orientation to vocation can be initiated at this stage. At this stage some qualities and skills which have grater vocational significance viz. love and respect for manual work (ii) training in use of hands (iii) spirit of cooperative work (iii) sharing (vi) appreciation for all works (vii) good interpersonal relationship are to be developed. At the secondary stage vocational guidance should help the students to know themselves, to know the world of work, to develop employment readiness to develop decision making rules. At the higher education stages it should be more formal one. The objectives of guidance at this stage are to help the students to get information about different career, training facilities,
